| Color Contrast | Text-to-background contrast ratio | At least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text under WCAG 2.2 AA | Improves legibility and makes key visual cues easier to recognize | Test core color combinations with a contrast checker before publication |
| Color Consistency | Number of approved primary and secondary colors | A documented palette should define color values for digital and print use, such as HEX, RGB, CMYK, or Pantone references | Creates stable visual associations across touchpoints | Publish a color hierarchy with usage rules, contrast pairings, and prohibited combinations |
| Typography | Typeface families, weights, and text hierarchy | A practical system commonly defines heading, subheading, body, caption, and button styles with consistent size and weight relationships | Communicates personality, tone, and information priority | Limit font families and document rules for size, weight, line height, and spacing |
| Logo Clear Space | Minimum protected area around the logo | The clear-space rule should be defined as a repeatable unit based on a measurable part of the logo | Protects recognition and prevents competing visual elements | Specify minimum clear space and minimum display size for every approved logo version |
| Layout and Grid | Alignment, spacing, margins, and column structure | A consistent grid provides repeatable spacing and alignment across screen sizes and formats | Makes communications feel coherent and professionally organized | Define spacing tokens, content widths, breakpoints, and alignment principles |
| Imagery Style | Subject matter, composition, lighting, color treatment, and image ratio | A documented image direction should define repeatable visual characteristics rather than relying on isolated examples | Builds emotional tone and strengthens visual recall | Create image criteria covering composition, accessibility, licensing, and tone |
| Icon and Illustration System | Stroke width, corner radius, perspective, and visual complexity | Icons should use a consistent geometry and remain distinguishable at their intended display size | Adds a recognizable visual language beyond the logo | Define a shared icon grid, stroke rule, corner treatment, and illustration style |
| Responsive Design | Visual consistency across viewport sizes and orientations | Layouts should reflow without loss of content, functionality, or recognizable visual hierarchy | Maintains identity across desktop, tablet, mobile, and printed formats | Test representative layouts at multiple widths and document responsive behavior |
| Touch Target Size | Interactive target width and height in CSS pixels | WCAG 2.2 AA recommends a minimum target size of 24 × 24 CSS pixels, with defined exceptions | Supports accessible interaction without weakening visual consistency | Use adequate padding and spacing around buttons, links, icons, and controls |
| Recognition Testing | Unaided recall, aided recognition, and correct visual association | Use a consistent sample, identical exposure conditions, and a predefined success threshold when evaluating designs | Connects visual consistency with measurable audience memory | Run baseline and follow-up tests after major identity or campaign changes |