| Visible light spectrum | 400–700 nm coverage | 400–700 nm | 400–700 nm | 400–700 nm |
| Color rendering | CRI (Ra) 90 or higher | Ra 90+ | Ra 95+ | Ra 90+ |
| Color temperature | 3,000–4,000 K for balanced watch presentation | 3,000–3,500 K | 3,500–4,000 K | 3,000–4,000 K |
| Illuminance at watch face | Approximately 300–750 lux, adjustable | 300–500 lux | 500–750 lux | 400–700 lux |
| UV protection | Use UV-filtering glazing and avoid intentional UV output below 400 nm | UV-filtering acrylic or glass | UV-filtering laminated glass preferred | UV-filtering glass recommended |
| Glare control | Diffused optics, recessed LEDs, or anti-reflective glazing | Diffuser panel and recessed light strip | Anti-reflective glazing plus angled lighting | Side lighting and matte interior surfaces |
| Lighting uniformity | At least 0.70 minimum-to-average illuminance ratio | 0.70–0.80 | 0.80–0.90 | 0.75–0.85 |
| Interior capacity | Allow clearance between watches and cushions | 4–8 watches | 8–24 watches | 12–30 watches |
| Viewing distance | Select brightness and optics for the primary viewing distance | 0.3–0.8 m | 0.5–1.5 m | 1–3 m |
| Glass or panel clarity | High-transmission, low-distortion front panel | Clear acrylic or low-iron glass | Low-iron, anti-reflective glass | Tempered or laminated safety glass |
| Heat management | Keep LED heat away from the watch compartment | Passive ventilation or low-output LEDs | Aluminum heat sink and ventilated canopy | Ventilated upper lighting channel |
| Power and control | Flicker-free dimming with stable color output | 5–15 W; manual dimmer | 15–40 W; dimmer or timed control | 25–60 W; zoned dimming preferred |
| Best use case | Match the case to collection size, viewing distance, security, and ambient light | Personal collections and bedside or office display | Retail counters, showcases, and close-up demonstrations | Large collections, boutiques, reception areas, and exhibitions |